Ingilazi ingenye yezinto zokwakha ezithandwa kakhulu futhi eziguquguqukayo ezisetshenziswa namuhla, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kokusebenza kwayo kwelanga nokushisa njalo. Enye indlela okufezeka ngayo lokhu ukusebenza kungukusetshenziswa kokumbozwa kokusebenza kanye nelanga ukumboza okuphansi. Ngakho-ke, yini ingilazi ephansi? Kulesi sigaba, sikunikeza ngokuningiliziwe okujulile kwezingubo.
Ukuze uqonde ukumbozwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda amandla we-solar energy noma amandla avela elangeni. Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet (UV), ukukhanya okubonakalayo nokukhanya kwe-infrared (IR) konke kuhlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zohlu lwelanga - umehluko phakathi kwalaba abathathu unqunywa ngamaza abo.
• Ilambu le-ultraviolet, okuyilona elenza ukuthi izinto zangaphakathi ezifana nezindwangu nokumbozwa kodonga lishabalale, linobude obude bama-nanometer angama-310-380 lapho kubikwa ukusebenza kwengilazi.
• Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuhlala engxenyeni yobubanzi obuphakathi kwamaza amade avela kuma-nanometer angaba ngu-380-780.
• Ukukhanya kwe-infrared (noma amandla okushisa) kudluliswa njengokushisa esakhiweni, futhi kuqala kuma-wavelengths angama-nanometer angama-780. I-infrared yelanga yaziwa kakhulu njengamandla we-infrared amaza amafushane, kuyilapho ukushisa okuphuma ezintweni ezifudumele kunama-wavelengths aphakeme kunelanga futhi kubhekiselwa kuwo njenge-infrared long-wave.
Izembatho ze-Low-E zenzelwe ukunciphisa inani lokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ne-infrared okungadlula engilazini ngaphandle kokuyekethisa inani lokukhanya okubonakalayo okudluliswayo.
Lapho amandla okushisa noma okukhanya emunca ingilazi, isuswa ngokuhambisa umoya noma iphinde ikhanyise ingilazi. Ikhono lempahla yokukhipha amandla laziwa ngokuthi yi-emissivity. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezibonisa kakhulu zinokungabonakali okuncane futhi izinto ezimnyama ezinombala omnyama zinokukhanya okuphezulu. Zonke izinto zokwakha, kufaka phakathi amawindi, zikhipha ukushisa ngendlela yamagagasi amade, amandla e-infrared ngokuya nge-emissivity kanye nokushisa kwezindawo zawo. Amandla akhazimulayo angenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuhanjiswa kokushisa ngamawindi. Ukunciphisa ukuphuma kokunye kwengilazi yefasitela ewindini kuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezivikela ifasitela. Isibonelo, ingilazi engamboziwe ine-emissivity ye-.84, ngenkathi i-Vitro Architectural Glass '(ngaphambili ingilazi ye-PPG) isilawuli selanga Solarban® Ingilazi ye-70XL ine-emissivity ye- .02.
Yilapho kuzwakala khona ukugcotshwa okuphansi (noma ingilazi ephansi). Ingilazi ye-Low-E inengilazi encanyana, egqamile — incanyana kakhulu kunezinwele zomuntu — ekhombisa amandla e-infrared infrared (noma ukushisa). Amanye ama-low-e nawo akhombisa inani elibalulekile lamandla we-infrared yelanga elifushane. Lapho amandla okushisa angaphakathi azama ukubalekela kobandayo ngaphandle ngesikhathi sasebusika, ukumbozwa okuphansi-e kukhombisa ukushisa kubuyele ngaphakathi, kunciphise ukulahleka kokushisa okukhazimulayo ngengilazi. Okuphambene kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Ukuze usebenzise isifaniso esilula, ingilazi ene-low-e isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-thermos. I-thermos inolwelwesi lwesiliva, olubonisa izinga lokushisa lesiphuzo eliqukethe. Izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngenxa yokubonakaliswa okuqhubekayo okwenzekayo, kanye nezinzuzo zokuvikela isikhala somoya esihlinzeka phakathi kwamagobolondo angaphakathi nangaphandle e-thermos, afana neyunithi yengilazi evikela. Njengoba ingilazi ephansi iqukethe izingqimba ezincanyana zesiliva noma ezinye izinto zokuthwebula eziphansi, umbono ofanayo uyasebenza. Ukumbozwa kwesiliva okuphansi kubonisa ukushisa kwamaphakathi ngaphakathi, kugcina igumbi lifudumele noma libanda.
Izinhlobo Zokumboza ezisezingeni eliphansi nezinqubo zokukhiqiza
Kukhona empeleni izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokumboza okuphansi-e: ukumbozwa okuphansi kwe-e nokulawulwa kwelanga ukumbozwa okuphansi. Ukumboza okuphansi kwe-e kuklanyelwe ukukhulisa ukuzuza kokushisa kwelanga ekhaya noma esakhiweni ukudala umphumela wokushisa "okwenziwe" nokunciphisa ukuthembela ekushiseni okufakelwayo. Ukulawulwa kwelanga ukumboza okuphansi-e kuklanyelwe ukunciphisa inani lokushisa kwelanga okudlulela ekhaya noma esakhiweni ngenhloso yokugcina kupholile izakhiwo nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhambisana nomoya opholile.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zengilazi ephansi-e, ukwenziwa kanye nelanga, zikhiqizwa izindlela ezimbili zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko - i-pyrolytic, noma "ijazi eliqinile", neMagnetron Sputter Vacuum Deposition (MSVD), noma "ijazi elithambile". Enqubeni ye-pyrolytic, eyaba yinto evamile ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, ukumbozwa kusetshenziswa iribhoni lengilazi ngenkathi kukhiqizwa kulayini we-float. Ukumboza bese "kufaya" ingilazi eshisayo, kwakha isibopho esiqinile esihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ekulungisweni kwengilazi ngesikhathi sokwenziwa. Ekugcineni, ingilazi isikwa emashidini amasheya osayizi abahlukahlukene bokuthunyelwa kubakhiqizi. Enqubeni ye-MSVD, eyethulwe ngawo-1980 futhi yaqhubeka icwengwa emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukumbozwa kufakwa ngaphandle kwe-line ukuze kusikwe ingilazi ngaphambili emakamelweni okuphefumula ekamelweni lokushisa.
Ngenxa yokuvela komlando kwalobu buchwepheshe bokumboza, ukumbozwa okuphansi kwe-e kwesinye isikhathi kuhlotshaniswa nenqubo ye-pyrolytic nokulawulwa kwelanga ukumboza okuphansi nge-MSVD, noma kunjalo, lokhu akusanembi ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kusuka kumkhiqizo kuye kumkhiqizo nakumkhiqizi kuye kumkhiqizi (bona ithebula elingezansi), kepha amatafula wedatha yokusebenza ayatholakala kalula futhi amathuluzi amaningana aku-inthanethi angasetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa konke ukumbozwa okuphansi emakethe.
Indawo Yokumboza
Kwiphaneli ejwayelekile ephindwe kabili ye-IG kunezindawo ezine ezingasetshenziswa lapho kungagqokiswa khona okufakwayo: indawo yokuqala (# 1) ibheke ngaphandle, indawo yesibili (# 2) neyesithathu (# 3) zibhekene ngaphakathi kwengilazi evikela futhi zehlukaniswa nge-peripheral spacer edala indawo yokuvikela umoya, kanti indawo yesine (# 4) ibheke ngqo ngaphakathi endlini. Ukumboza okuphansi kwe-e kusebenza kahle kakhulu uma kusendaweni yesithathu noma yesine (eqhelile kunelanga), kuyilapho ukulawulwa kwelanga ukumbozwa okuphansi-e kusebenza kahle uma kusendaweni eseduze nelanga, imvamisa indawo yesibili.
Izinyathelo Zokusebenza Eziphansi Zokugoqa
Ukufakwa okuphansi kwe-e kusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezingxenye zokuvikela ingilazi. Noma ngabe ukumboza okuphansi kuthathwa njengokungenzi lutho noma ukulawulwa kwelanga, banikela ngokuthuthuka kumanani wokusebenza. Okulandelayo kusetshenziselwa ukukala ukusebenza kwengilazi ngezingubo ezisezingeni eliphansi:
• U-Value isilinganiso esinikezwe iwindi ngokuya ngokuthi kuvumela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okungakanani.
• Ukukhanya kokukhanya okubonakalayo yisilinganiso sokuthi ukukhanya kudlula kangakanani ngefasitela.
• I-Solar Heat Gain Coefficient yingxenyana yesigameko imisebe yelanga evunyelwe ngewindi, zombili zidluliselwa ngqo futhi zamunca futhi zaphinde zakhishwa ngaphakathi. Ukushisa kwelanga kwewindi kuthola ukulingana, ukushisa kwelanga okuncane okukudlulisayo.
• Ukukhanya ku-Solar Gain isilinganiso esiphakathi kwefasitela leSolar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) nesilinganiso salo sokukhanya (VLT) esibonakalayo.
Nakhu ukuthi ukumbozwa kukala kanjani ngokunciphisa inani le-ultra-violet ne-infrared light (energy) engadlula engilazini ngaphandle kokuyekethisa inani lokukhanya okubonakalayo okudluliswayo.
Lapho ucabanga ngemiklamo yamawindi: usayizi, i-tint nezinye izimfanelo zobuhle eza engqondweni. Kodwa-ke, ukumbozwa okuphansi kwe-e kudlala indima ebaluleke ngokulinganayo futhi kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza okuphelele kwewindi kanye nokushisa okuphelele, ukukhanyisa nezindleko zokupholisa zesakhiwo.
Isikhathi Iposi: Aug-13-2020